The article looks at how European regions have become more similar economically from 1980 to 2006. They used different methods to study this, like looking at how regions affect each other and how income changes over time. The study found that regions are grouping into two clusters based on location and economy, and these clusters are getting more similar at different speeds. This shows that using spatial techniques is important for understanding economic convergence in Europe. These findings could have implications for EU Regional Policy.