The article investigates new hybrid vehicle designs using the Milner continuously variable transmission to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. The researchers studied different hybrid powertrains to see how well they performed compared to traditional manual vehicles. They created models and ran tests on engines to analyze fuel economy and emissions. The findings show that these novel hybrid systems have the potential to match or exceed the performance of current hybrid technologies, offering better flexibility and efficiency. The study suggests that selecting and developing these hybrid systems could lead to significant improvements in fuel economy and reduced emissions.