The article examines how the Vietnamese government is working to create a fair business environment for both state and non-state sectors in the country's economic development programs. It looks at the growth of the private sector in Vietnam, focusing on the relationship between the state and private businesses. The paper discusses the challenges faced by the private sector, especially due to state-owned enterprises, and suggests policy reforms based on lessons learned from past economic reforms in Vietnam and other countries. It also explores how foreign investment impacts the domestic private sector.