Barry Buzan's 2004 book critiques and reevaluates the English school theory in International Relations. By combining the concepts of world society and constructivism, a new framework is proposed to understand global politics involving both state and non-state actors. The focus is on how values are shared in society and by whom, emphasizing the importance of primary institutions. This approach sets English school theory apart from realism and neoliberal institutionalism, offering unique insights into international society through comparative and historical analysis.