The article discusses how technical barriers can affect trade, especially in goods like food and plants. It looks at theories about how these barriers impact trade and tries to measure their effects. The article also talks about the challenges of analyzing the impact of sanitary and phytosanitary measures on trade. It shows that efforts to harmonize standards and the role of the WTO can help reduce the impact of technical barriers on trade. This information is important for academics, students, and policymakers who want to understand how technical barriers can affect international trade.