Agri-environment schemes in Europe help protect wildlife on farmland. These schemes aim to increase biodiversity by funding conservation efforts. Studies show that AES generally lead to more diverse wildlife in farmland, especially in areas like field margins and hedgerows. However, AES implemented after 2007 were not found to be more effective than older schemes. AES may be more successful in less intensively farmed areas and can be costly to maintain. Further research is needed to understand the full impact of AES on ecosystem services and whether they are more effective than protected areas for preserving biodiversity. Overall, AES can be effective for wildlife conservation on farmland, but they require careful planning and targeting.