The authors studied how many people in Bogotá don't have bank accounts and why. They found that 61% of people surveyed didn't have bank accounts because banking services are expensive and not tailored to low-income individuals. The unbanked tend to earn less, have lower education levels, and are more likely to be unemployed. They often rely on informal ways to save and borrow money, which can be risky and costly. Despite these challenges, the unbanked have the potential to build assets. The authors suggest that the government and financial sector should work together to make banking services more accessible to everyone, including the unbanked.