Micronutrient deficiencies like lack of vitamin A, iron, and iodine affect 2 billion people globally, especially children, girls, and pregnant women. Research shows these deficiencies can be fixed with simple methods. Strategies to combat them include food fortification, dietary changes, and micronutrient supplements. While supplements can help with severe deficiencies, food-based strategies are more effective in the long run. Supplementation programs should be based on evidence, include multiple nutrients, and be supported by other public health efforts.