Land-use changes in tropical areas for food, fuel, and fiber will be influenced by climate policies and agricultural productivity. A study using a global model shows that implementing a climate mitigation policy with a price on greenhouse gas emissions from land use can help preserve tropical forests and promote bioenergy crops. This approach, combined with continued agricultural productivity growth, can limit deforestation while meeting future food demands. The findings highlight the importance of considering land-use change emissions in global climate change strategies.