Two genes in rice, SUPERWOMAN1 (SPW1) and DROOPING LEAF (DL), control the identity of floral organs. Mutations in SPW1 turn stamens and lodicules into carpels and palea-like organs. DL mutations transform the gynoecium into stamens, with different alleles causing varying degrees of change. The double mutant of SPW1 and DL produces incompletely differentiated organs. The researchers suggest a model for how stamen and carpel identity is determined in rice, with DL as a new gene controlling carpel identity and interacting with SPW1.