The US aims to use one billion gallons of renewable jet fuel each year by 2018. Researchers studied the economic and emissions impacts of this goal using a specific process. They found that using soybean oil as a source would require a subsidy from airlines to biofuel producers. If fuel comes from oilseed rotation crops on fallow land, the subsidy is lower. The goal has a small effect on jet fuel prices and CO2 emissions in the aviation industry. The cost of reducing CO2 emissions with aviation biofuels ranges from $50 to$400 per tonne.