Spanish citrus farms thrive by cutting labor costs and increasing efficiency.
Farming systems in Spain, especially citrus farming, often involve small farms that outsource tasks to stay competitive. Data Envelopment Analysis was used to study Spanish citrus farms and identify efficient ones with higher yields and less reliance on family labor. By cutting labor and outsourcing tasks, farms can overcome challenges of small size. After removing inefficiencies, many farms were found to be economically viable.