Sea and brackish water desalination plants are used to provide drinking water in areas with water shortages. A study found that most inorganic constituents in the water meet drinking standards when using reverse osmosis (R.O.) desalination with 99% salt rejection. However, boron levels may not meet standards, even with increased pressure and pH adjustments. Chlorination in R.O. desalination can remove bromoform, but bromide ions in the water can lead to disinfection byproduct formation when mixed with fresh water in the distribution system.