The study looked at how large filling piles in sandstone and mudstone foundations bear vertical loads. The piles mainly support weight through friction with the soil. The amount of friction depends on how much the pile moves, the load on the pile, and the soil's properties. The resistance at the pile's end increases as the end settles. To determine the pile's capacity, dead-load tests are recommended, and sediment thickness must be controlled. In weathered sand-mudstone, piles with an 800mm diameter should be embedded twice their diameter at the end, while 1500mm diameter piles should be embedded 2 meters.