The debate on net neutrality focuses on whether broadband providers should be allowed to charge websites for faster access to customers. A study using game theory shows that if net neutrality is removed, broadband providers benefit by charging fees to content providers, who lose out. Consumer benefits may stay the same or increase in the short term. Social welfare can increase if one content provider pays for preferential treatment, but not if both do. Broadband providers invest more in infrastructure under net neutrality, leading to optimal capacity levels, compared to when net neutrality is not in place.