The article talks about how scientists use statistical methods to test if their ideas are true or not. They use different tests depending on the type of data they have. For example, they use the t-test when comparing two groups and ANOVA when comparing three or more groups. These tests help scientists figure out if there are real differences between the groups they are studying. The t-test looks at the average and spread of the data, while ANOVA looks at how different groups compare to each other. By using these tests, scientists can make sure their results are reliable and meaningful.