The study looked at how nutrients move around a dairy farm in Pennsylvania. They measured the nutrients coming in and going out of the farm, fields, and livestock areas. They found that the farm had more nutrients coming in than going out, mainly because of how manure was handled. The timing of nutrient flows was linked to when the animals were active and the crops were growing. The study showed that the farm became more efficient in using nutrients over time, with fewer nutrients being added in the second year of the study.