The study looked at how soil compaction and weather affect the structure of soil in a farming system with reduced tillage. They used a method to describe the soil's physical properties and found that compaction intensity had a big impact on soil structure. Even just one operation, like harvesting sugar beets, could reduce soil porosity for years. The researchers observed that highly compacted zones developed under certain weather conditions, leading to specific soil properties over time. They also found that cracks in the soil structure changed and spread deeper over time. Overall, the study showed how different factors can affect the structure of soil in farming systems with reduced tillage.