The article compares two ways of analyzing crash data: one looks at where more crashes are likely to happen over time, while the other predicts where a crash is more likely to occur in real-time. The first method focuses on estimating crash frequency based on road features and traffic volume, while the second method analyzes individual crashes to predict the likelihood of a crash happening at any given moment. The real-time approach can help improve traffic management by detecting potential incidents before they happen, rather than after they occur.