Systems methodologies are being used to improve how natural resource research and development is done. These methods are not used enough and need more study. The research shows that traditional development projects based on fixed plans and predictions are not effective. Two types of research in natural resource management are discussed: farming systems research and systems learning. Both have expanded to include rural livelihoods and food systems. Farming systems research recognizes the need for both natural and social sciences, but struggles to combine them. Systems learning is gaining attention but still needs more research. It is important to continue adapting and developing systems methodologies for natural resource management.