Soil organic matter is a crucial part of soil that affects ecosystems. It is transformed by biological processes, like enzymes breaking down organic matter. Some organic matter is easily used by organisms, while others like lignin take longer to decompose. Humic and fulvic acids are formed and broken down in soil. Soil organic matter stores nutrients for plants and influences soil structure. Scientists use mathematical models to study these transformations. Managing ecosystems can help maintain healthy levels of soil organic matter. The study highlights the importance of soil organic matter now and in the future.