The article discusses a new method to make software maintenance easier and more efficient by breaking down software into components. By using a special type of built-in test components, software can be maintained and tested more effectively. This approach helps improve the quality of software maintenance and increases the reuse of existing software components. The researchers classified types of software maintenance and analyzed the roles of software components in maintenance. They also developed implementation approaches for the built-in test components to enhance software maintainability in legacy systems and ensure consistency during runtime.