The researchers developed a simpler method called floral dip to transform Arabidopsis plants using Agrobacterium. They found that dipping developing floral tissues into a solution with Agrobacterium, sucrose, and a surfactant was key for successful transformation. The traditional vacuum infiltration process was replaced with this easier method. They also discovered that applying Agrobacterium to plants with many immature floral buds and few siliques led to the highest transformation rates. By adjusting factors like cell density, humidity, and repeated Agrobacterium application, they were able to double the transformation rates and yield of transformed plants. This modified method can now be used for high-throughput transformation of Arabidopsis for various genetic studies.