Climate change from burning fossil fuels has wide-ranging impacts globally and over time. Research estimates damages amount to around 1.5-2% of world GDP due to climate change. Different regions face varying impacts, with developed countries experiencing more market impacts while non-market impacts grow. The cost lies between US$5 and US$125 per tonne of carbon, mostly on the lower end. How fast the climate changes and how quickly societies adapt matter just as much as the level of change. Future vulnerability to climate change will differ from current vulnerability. Economic growth can reduce market impacts but raise non-market impacts relating to climate change. Integrated assessment of damages is crucial, considering adaptation, variability, and other stress factors alongside climate change.