The study looked at how the amount of water and density of soil affect its ability to conduct electricity. Researchers found a new way to measure these properties using a sensor that works by sending signals through the soil. By knowing how much water is in the soil and its density, they can figure out how compacted the soil is and how much water it can hold. This method can be useful for keeping track of changes in soil moisture over time or detecting when soil gets compacted by things like heavy machinery.