Scientists are working on ways to improve how plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis in hot, dry conditions. They are using genetic engineering to make changes to a key enzyme called Rubisco, which helps plants take in CO2. By altering Rubisco's function or introducing enzymes from a different pathway, they aim to reduce a process called photorespiration that hinders plant growth. Their research shows that under certain conditions, Rubisco is not the main limiting factor for photosynthesis, but rather the ability of plants to regenerate a molecule called RuBP. By identifying specific enzymes that can be targeted for improvement, they hope to enhance carbon fixation in plants, especially in a future with higher CO2 levels.