The article discusses the history and development of geopolitical discourse, focusing on key figures like Friedrich Ratzel and Klaus Haushofer. It explores the relationship between geopolitics, international relations, and political geography, highlighting the influence of different schools of thought on these fields. The researchers analyze the evolution of geopolitical ideas and their impact on political ideologies, particularly in Germany. Key findings include the conflict between German geopolitics and National Socialism, as well as the revival of geopolitical thinking in the 20th century. The article also delves into the role of geography in shaping political strategies and conflicts, emphasizing the importance of understanding geopolitical traditions in global affairs.