Groundwater flow towards wells can be affected by changes in the aquifer's hydraulic conductivity. This study looked at how variations in hydraulic conductivity impact the movement of groundwater. By allowing for radial variability in hydraulic conductivity, the researchers developed new equations to better predict groundwater flow in confined aquifers. They found that assuming a constant hydraulic conductivity can underestimate the transmissivity of the aquifer by as much as 41%. This new approach provides more accurate results for measuring groundwater flow in real-world scenarios.