The article discusses how our energy systems and greenhouse gas emissions might change without climate policies, and how we can reduce emissions to meet climate goals. It shows that global emissions will keep rising without action, but we can technically cut emissions enough to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius. This will cost around 1-2% of GDP, but it's doable with immediate action and global cooperation. Factors like technology and air pollution reduction will affect our success in reaching these goals.