Trading patterns reveal higher spreads at market opening and closing.
The study looked at bid-ask spreads for NYSE stocks throughout the trading day. Minute-by-minute spreads showed a reverse J-shaped pattern, with spreads higher at the beginning and end of the day. Factors like activity, risk, information, and competition were found to influence spreads. A linear regression model confirmed a significant relationship between these factors and intraday spreads. Overall, spreads tend to be higher at the start and end of the trading day compared to the middle period.