The article explores how renewable energy can help developing countries like South Africa and Senegal shift towards sustainable electricity production. By using a model, the researchers compared two scenarios: one where electricity comes from fossil fuels, and one where 20-30% comes from renewables like wind and solar by 2030. They found that renewable energy can be cost-effective in South Africa, but fossil fuels are still cheaper in Senegal. However, if environmental benefits are considered, renewables could become more competitive in the future.