Mineral carbonation is a method to trap CO2 by reacting certain minerals with it. Researchers found ways to speed up this process without needing extreme conditions. By treating minerals with acids and bases, they increased their surface area, making them better for carbonation. The best results came from using sulfuric acid, which increased the surface area the most. They also found that steam-activated serpentine converted to magnesite faster than untreated serpentine. Overall, they achieved a carbonation efficiency of at least 53% using a solution of magnesium hydroxide.