The article explores why big construction projects in South Africa often end up costing more and taking longer than planned. The researchers surveyed construction experts to find out the main reasons for these cost and schedule overruns. They discovered that changes in the project's scope, incomplete designs when the project starts, contract disputes, poor cost planning, and delays in costing changes all play a big role in causing these problems. By identifying these factors early on, projects can be better managed to avoid going over budget and falling behind schedule.