The researchers studied different traits in rice plants to see how they are connected to grain yield. They found that certain traits like grains per panicle, fertility, grain weight, and grain breadth are positively linked to higher grain yield. Improving these traits can increase the amount of rice produced per plant. On the other hand, longer panicles were negatively associated with grain yield. This means that focusing on traits like grains per panicle, tillers per plant, grain weight, and grain breadth can directly improve rice yield per plant.