The study looked at different ways to grow cotton and wheat together in a dry area in India. They tested different amounts of water and spacing between plants to see which gave the best results. They found that giving water early in the growing season and spacing the plants further apart led to higher cotton yields and profits. They also found that growing cotton and wheat together produced more wheat than growing pearl millet and wheat together. Overall, the best combination was giving water later in the season and spacing the plants further apart, which led to the highest cotton yields and profits.