The study looked at how different traits in rice plants are related to grain yield. They found that traits like total tillers, productive tillers, panicle length, and grains per panicle are positively linked to higher grain yield. By focusing on traits like productive tillers and grains per panicle, farmers can select plants that are likely to produce more rice. Other traits like plant height and days to panicle emergence also play a role in grain yield. Overall, selecting plants with more grains per panicle and productive tillers can lead to better rice production in these populations.