The researchers studied how effective rice straw combined with urea is in providing nitrogen to rice and wheat crops. They found that using a high amount of urea with rice straw was needed to get good rice yields. While straw-urea materials increased nitrogen uptake in early rice growth stages, they couldn't match the performance of conventional manures later on. The best combination for rice yield and nitrogen uptake was dhaincha plus urea in a 1:1 ratio. However, the beneficial effects of straw incorporation were not seen in the following wheat crop.