The study looked at different ways of growing rice and other crops to see how much nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium they take from the soil. They found that the rice-berseem cropping system removed the most nutrients, leading to a shortage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil. The rice-Indian mustard-greengram system also took a lot of nutrients, causing a lack of nitrogen and potassium. On the other hand, the rice-wheat-greengram and rice-potato-greengram systems had a good balance of nitrogen and phosphorus, but lacked potassium. Overall, the crops removed a lot of potassium from the soil, which means farmers need to add more potassium fertilizer to keep the soil healthy.