The initial wetness of soil and the type of plants covering it affect short-term weather. By using a model, scientists found that changing soil moisture and vegetation can impact air temperature, evaporation, and rainfall. The energy balance on Earth's surface is mainly influenced by how much sunlight is absorbed and how dry the ground is. More moisture in the soil and more plants can lead to increased rainfall in certain areas. The upper atmosphere is less affected by these changes compared to lower levels.