Livestock grazing in Australian rangelands negatively impacts ecosystem structure, function, and composition. A study analyzed data from 7615 records on grazing effects by sheep and cattle on 278 variables. Grazing reduced plant biomass, animal richness, and plant and animal abundance. It also decreased plant and litter cover, but had no effect on plant richness or soil function. The negative effects were more pronounced in drier environments. Grazing by both sheep and cattle together had a greater impact than grazing by sheep alone. Overall, the study suggests that livestock grazing is unlikely to have positive outcomes for ecosystem health in Australia unless specific management goals are set.