The study looked at how climate change and CO2 levels affect the exchange of carbon between plants and the atmosphere. They used a model to predict changes in carbon fluxes from 1860 to 2020. The results showed that without climate change, CO2 increase boosts plant growth and carbon storage. However, with climate change, the capacity of plants to absorb CO2 is reduced, leading to a decrease in carbon storage. Overall, terrestrial ecosystems have become a significant carbon sink since the 1950s, absorbing about 1.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year.