Chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture can harm the soil microorganisms that are important for soil health and crop growth. These chemicals can stay in the soil for a long time and change the balance of microorganisms, affecting soil fertility. The type of soil, the crops grown, and how much chemicals are used all play a role in how much the soil microorganisms are affected. Overall, excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides can change the diversity and function of soil microorganisms, which can impact the health of the soil and the crops grown in it.