Plant-based remediation technology uses plants' ability to accumulate heavy metals from the environment and convert them into non-toxic compounds. This new biological technique involves three types: plant stabilization, volatilization, and extraction. The mechanism behind plant-based remediation involves the binding of internal substances in hyperaccumulating plants with heavy metals, as well as the synthesis of metal-binding proteins through genetic regulation. Currently, plant-based remediation is an efficient, cost-effective, and promising green technology for treating heavy metal-contaminated soils, with broad potential applications.