Fermented rice straw can be a good food source for buffaloes. When buffaloes ate fermented rice straw, their stomachs had more good bacteria and protozoa. They also ate more and digested their food better compared to when they ate unfermented rice straw. The buffaloes that ate fermented rice straw used nitrogen efficiently and had higher levels of nitrogen in their poop. This means that feeding buffaloes fermented rice straw is good for them and helps save food resources.