The study looked at why people in Japan start or stop working for themselves. They used data from a big survey in 1995 to see what factors influence this. They found that having a high level of education doesn't make it more likely for someone to start their own business. But having work experience in small companies can help. Also, if your dad was self-employed, you're more likely to do well in self-employment. In Japan, self-employment is different from other countries because it didn't grow much in the 1980s and 1990s. And traditional skilled self-employment is still common there.