Environmental Science
8 years ago

Innovative wastewater treatment system boosts efficiency and meets strict discharge limits.

Water Science & Technology
Practical experience with full-scale structured sheet media (SSM) integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) systems for nitrification
Hua Li, Jia Zhu, James J. Flamming, Jack O'Connell, M. Wade Shrader

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Wastewater treatment plants in the USA are upgrading to meet stricter ammonia discharge limits. Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) systems, combining suspended growth and biofilms on structured sheet media, are proving effective in achieving consistent nitrification, BOD removal, and improved sludge settling. Three full-scale plants with different processes have successfully implemented IFAS systems, demonstrating their efficiency and reliability in addressing the challenges of increased flows and loads.