The researchers studied soil properties in the Xi-Shui Forest Zone of the Qilian Mountains. They looked at cation exchange capacity and base cation distribution in different soil types. Results showed that CEC and base cation content decreased with depth, with different soil types showing varying levels. Calcium and magnesium were the main base cations, while potassium and sodium were lower. Soil organic matter was the main factor influencing CEC, with particle size and calcium carbonate also playing a role. The study found that soil properties and nutrient levels were closely related, with different soil types showing distinct patterns in cation distribution.