The study looked at how different ways of adding nutrients to the soil affect the growth of rice in acidic soil. They found that using a mix of chemical fertilizers and organic sources like crop stubbles and Azolla helped increase rice yields and soil fertility. The best results were seen when 75% of the recommended nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were applied through fertilizers, along with 25% nitrogen from crop stubbles for winter rice, and 100% recommended NPK for autumn rice. This integrated approach not only boosted nutrient availability and uptake by the rice plants but also supported sustainable yields over time in acid soils.