Understanding how human activities and climate change affect river runoff is crucial for managing water resources. A study in China's Hutuo River Basin used a hydrological model to assess these impacts. They found that changes in land use and climate led to a significant decrease in annual runoff. Human activities were responsible for over half of this reduction, while climate change and land use changes also played a role. The combined effect of both factors resulted in even more runoff decrease. This study's framework can help improve our understanding of how runoff varies in river basins, aiding in sustainable water management strategies.