The article discusses the need for a mandatory medical malpractice insurance system in China to address the issue of medical damage liability between doctors and patients. Unlike traffic insurance, medical liability insurance aims to redistribute medical damage liability and risks to promote fairness and regulate doctor-patient conflicts. China's current tort law limits compensation for medical damage, leading to strained doctor-patient relationships and unequal distribution of medical resources. To address these issues, a compulsory medical liability insurance system based on no-fault compensation is proposed, involving government and patient participation to connect medical liability insurance with tort law.